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When people are forewarned that a speaker will take a specific position that is very different from their own,what do they tend to do?


A) generate counterarguments
B) experience dissonance
C) exhibit attitude-behaviour consistency
D) engage in peripheral-route persuasion

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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What do we call the process by which a person is persuaded by cues in the persuasion context rather than thinking critically about the content of a persuasive message?


A) persuasion via psychological reactance
B) persuasion via the primacy effect
C) persuasion via the peripheral route
D) persuasion via the central route

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Shawna wants to join a sorority that has recently decided to put incoming members through various forms of initiation.Based on the findings of Aronson and Mills (1959) ,what kind of initiation is most likely to lead Shawna to identify strongly with the sorority and to value her membership in the group in the effort to avoid cognitive dissonance?


A) a mildly pleasant initiation
B) a neutral initiation
C) a mildly unpleasant initiation
D) a severely unpleasant initiation

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which theory suggests that intentions to perform a behaviour are best predicted by attitudes toward the behaviour,subjective norms,and perceived behavioural control?


A) the theory of planned behaviour
B) the cognitive dissonance theory
C) the self-perception theory
D) the self-affirmation theory

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Wells and Petty (1980) videotaped students as they listened to a speech.What did their results indicate?


A) Students revealed the intensity,but not the direction,of their attitudes through their body language.
B) Students' self-reported attitudes did not agree with their observed attitudes.
C) Students signalled their attitudes by nodding or shaking their heads.
D) Horizontal head movements indicate agreement,whereas vertical head movements indicate disagreement.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Research demonstrates that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument tends to increase later resistance to that argument.Which of the following is this finding consistent with?


A) the discounting cue hypothesis
B) self-perception theory
C) cognitive dissonance theory
D) the inoculation hypothesis

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Mina,in putting together a persuasive speech for her speech class,compiled a long list of arguments favouring her position,as well as the names of several well-known experts who have expressed support for her thesis.What is Mina targeting with these tactics?


A) the elaborative route to persuasion
B) the peripheral route to persuasion
C) the central route to persuasion
D) the subjective route to persuasion

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following situations should prompt the least decisional dissonance?


A) Though he would rather be playing football with his friends,Wyatt decides to start his 20-page philosophy paper rather than his 25-page history paper.
B) Elmer likes both duck and rabbit,but he decides to order the rabbit for dinner.
C) Audrey doesn't like cats much,so she decides that her new pet will be a dog.
D) Tevin would like to spend his vacation in both Italy and Greece,but can only afford to travel to one place,so he decides to go to Greece.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Gino,a salesperson,wants to use techniques that will lead his potential customers to rely on peripheral route persuasion.Which of the following should he do?


A) speak carefully when presenting information about his product
B) get the customer to nod in the affirmative while he is presenting his sales pitch
C) present his sales pitch to customers who have enough time hear his full message
D) approach prospective buyers who obviously care deeply about his product

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects,public opinion pollsters have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected most by which of the following factors?


A) the text style in which the question appears
B) the reading speed required for the question
C) the specific response options given
D) the length of the questionnaire

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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