Question 1

Which statement concerning a chiral carbon is always TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A chiral carbon is bonded to four different atoms or groups of atoms.
B)  A chiral carbon is bonded to a hydroxyl group and carbonyl group.
C)  A chiral carbon has two double bonds connected to it.
D)  A chiral carbon causes plane-polarized light to rotate in a clockwise fashion.
E)  A chiral carbon is present in all aldehydes.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

What term describes carbohydrates consisting of two to ten monosaccharide units bonded together?

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharide
B)  polysaccharide
C)  oligosaccharide
D)  glycogen
E)  starchF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

For D-glyceraldehyde shown below, which carbon, if any, is chiral?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1
B)  C-2 and C-3
C)  C-2
D)  None of the carbon atoms are chiral.
E)  C-3F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Enantiomers are related as non-superimposable mirror images.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which monosaccharide found in the blood has its concentration regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose
B)  glucose
C)  galactose
D)  ribose
E)  sucroseF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

To what class of carbonyl-containing compounds does glucose belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldehyde
B)  ketone
C)  alcohol
D)  amide
E)  Both aldehyde and ketone are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What is the position of the -OH group on carbon-1 in the Haworth projection of β-D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  above the ring
B)  below the ring
C)  in the plane of the ring
D)  to the left of carbon-1
E)  to the right of carbon-1F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

What is the stereochemical relationship between your right and left hands?

Accepted Answer

A)  cis- and trans- isomers
B)  structural isomers
C)  conformers
D)  enantiomers
E)  diastereomersF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

The Fischer projection for the monosaccharide ribulose is shown below.How may this monosaccharide be appropriately classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketotetrose
B)  ketopentose
C)  aldotriose
D)  aldopentose
E)  ketotrioseF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Which monosaccharide combines with glucose to form the disaccharide lactose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose
B)  mannose
C)  fructose
D)  sucrose
E)  galactoseF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

What term is used to describe an excess of glucose in a urine sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucosamine
B)  glucosemia
C)  glucosuria
D)  hypoglucose
E)  glucagonF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

What is the principal carbohydrate found in milk?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose
B)  maltose
C)  mannose
D)  lactose
E)  sucroseF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

What heteropolysaccharide is a component of cartilage and may relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroitin sulfate
B)  hyaluronic acid
C)  heparin
D)  glycogen
E)  α-D-glucuronateF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

A laboratory sample contains enantiomers present in equal concentrations.Which of the following statements concerning this sample is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample contains a racemic mixture.
B)  The sample will be optically inactive.
C)  The sample contains two different compounds related as non-superimposable mirror image isomers.
D)  The sample contains a meso compound.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars
B)  monosaccharides
C)  cellulose
D)  starch
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

A ketose can be converted to an aldose through an enediol intermediate.What is the structure of the enediol intermediate when D-fructose is converted to D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

What is the name of the simplest ketose?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetone
B)  fructose
C)  ethanone
D)  1,3-dihydroxyacetone
E)  ethoseF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

What two functional groups are present in all monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl and carboxyl
B)  alkene and phosphate
C)  acid and carbonyl
D)  amino and hydroxyl
E)  hydroxyl and carbonylF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a term that would properly describe glucose as it is shown below?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharide
B)  aldose
C)  hemiacetal
D)  D-sugar
E)  reducing sugarF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is the major storage molecule of glucose in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose
B)  sucrose
C)  blood sugar
D)  amylose
E)  glycogenF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Which statement concerning a chiral carbon is always TRUE?

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Which monosaccharide combines with glucose to form the disaccharide lactose?

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What two functional groups are present in all monosaccharides?

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To what class of carbonyl-containing compounds does glucose belong?

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The Fischer projection for the monosaccharide ribulose is shown below.How may this monosaccharide be appropriately classified?

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What is the principal carbohydrate found in milk?

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What is the name of the simplest ketose?

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Which monosaccharide found in the blood has its concentration regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon?

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Which of the following is the major storage molecule of glucose in animals?

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For D-glyceraldehyde shown below, which carbon, if any, is chiral?

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What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?

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What term is used to describe an excess of glucose in a urine sample?

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What heteropolysaccharide is a component of cartilage and may relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis?

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A laboratory sample contains enantiomers present in equal concentrations.Which of the following statements concerning this sample is FALSE?

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What is the position of the -OH group on carbon-1 in the Haworth projection of β-D-glucose?

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Enantiomers are related as non-superimposable mirror images.

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Which of the following is NOT a term that would properly describe glucose as it is shown below?

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What is the stereochemical relationship between your right and left hands?

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A ketose can be converted to an aldose through an enediol intermediate.What is the structure of the enediol intermediate when D-fructose is converted to D-glucose?

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What term describes carbohydrates consisting of two to ten monosaccharide units bonded together?

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