Question 1

The study of interactions between microbes and their environment and how those interactions affect the earth is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   industrial microbiology
B)   biotechnology
C)   microbial ecology
D)   bioengineering
E)   applied microbiologyF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions.
B)   Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community.
C)   The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community.
D)   The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Organisms that inhabit soil or water and breakdown and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary consumers
B)   autotrophs
C)   primary consumers
D)   decomposersE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the infection of root hairs by Rhizobium species is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attachment of Rhizobium cells to plant root hair cells induce curling of the root hair.
B)   This is a mutualistic relationship between plant and bacteria.
C)   Nodules begin to form in the roots as both plant and bacterial partners differentiate.
D)   The presence of Rhizobium triggers the formation of syncytial cells.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Why are waterlogged soils often infertile?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nitrifying bacteria require oxygen, and the excess water takes the place of oxygen- containing air.
B)   There is less carbon in waterlogged soil than dry soil.
C)   The lack of physical space in this type of soil blocks bacterial growth.
D)   Water molecules are used instead of oxygen for cellular respiration.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

A Paramecium is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary producer
B)   quaternary consumer
C)   secondary consumer
D)   primary consumer
E)   tertiary consumerF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   recycling
B)   bioremediation
C)   synergism
D)   decomposition
E)   mineralizationF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   populations
B)   habitats
C)   communities
D)   biomes
E)   nichesF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   advances in deep oceanography and deep earth mining engineering
B)   techniques to identify organisms that do not rely on culturing
C)   microscopy techniques to identify the vast quantity of viruses present in all environments
D)   environmental movements to preserve parks, coral reefs, and glaciersE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The advantage of nitrogen ﬁxation to the host plant is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the production of nucleotides required for nucleic acid synthesis
B)   the ability to synthesize amino acids and proteins from the ammonia produced
C)   the ability to use nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas in cellular respiration, particularly when the soil is compacted
D)   the production of antibiotics that protect the plant against pathogenic soil bacteriaE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which crop plant would likely have a mutualistic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Peas
B)   Cotton
C)   Corn
D)   Wheat
E)   PotatoesF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of certain plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following processes is not a part of metagenomic analysis of an environment?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA sequence assembly
B)   Polymerase chain reaction
C)   High-throughput sequencing
D)   Extraction of DNA from original sample
E)   Reverse transcriptionF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 15

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a bioﬁlm
B)   aggregate
C)   detritus
D)   the lithosphereE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper. In the process of using a machine to dig, you ?nd that the mud is black and smells terrible. Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

Accepted Answer

A)   sulfur-reducing
B)   sulfur-oxidizing
C)   denitrifying
D)   nitrogen-?xing
E)   nitrifyingF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

When methanogens convert carbon dioxide to methane, it is a/an ______ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduction
B)   aerobic
C)   oxidation
D)   ammoniﬁcationE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following is a source of methane?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gastrointestinal tract of cattle and sheep
B)   Photosynthesis from halophiles in the Dead Sea
C)   Decomposition of organic detritus on the forest ?oor
D)   Degradation of cellulose and lignin by fungi
E)   All of these processes produce methane.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is true of water-saturated soils?

Accepted Answer

A)   They contain anaerobes.
B)   They provide gases for soil microbes.
C)   They have a high oxygen content.
D)   They have a low carbon dioxide content.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

The energy of the sun is converted into chemical energy during ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   photosynthesis
B)   ammoniﬁcation
C)   nitriﬁcation
D)   denitriﬁcation
E)   nitrogen ﬁxationF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are waterlogged soils often infertile?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of water-saturated soils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The energy of the sun is converted into chemical energy during ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The terrestrial realm of the biosphere is distributed into particular climatic regions called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of interactions between microbes and their environment and how those interactions affect the earth is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When methanogens convert carbon dioxide to methane, it is a/an ______ reaction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of certain plants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms that inhabit soil or water and breakdown and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which crop plant would likely have a mutualistic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The advantage of nitrogen ﬁxation to the host plant is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper. In the process of using a machine to dig, you ?nd that the mud is black and smells terrible. Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the infection of root hairs by Rhizobium species is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Paramecium is an example of a ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a source of methane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is not a part of metagenomic analysis of an environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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