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Exam 12: Spontaneity of Chemical Processes

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Question 41

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What is the total entropy change when 43 ml of water ( $\Delta$ H_fus = 6.01 kJ/mole, density 0.9981 g ml^-1) freezes at 0^oC?

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convert grams to moles using molar mass ...

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Question 42

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Apply thermodynamics to chemical reactions and phase changes.

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Thermodynamics is a branch of physics th...

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Question 43

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Write the definition of the 3 Laws of Thermodynamics.

The formation of ATP from ADP requires 30.6 kJ/mol. The oxidation of the fat, palmitic acid, to carbon dioxide yields -9790 kJ/mol of energy. Yet your body is only able to produce 130 ATP units per 1 palmitic acid unit. What is the percent yield for this biological process?

Calculate the entropy change of the universe for 1 mole of solid water melting at -5°C.

Consider the following chemical reaction:CaSO₄(s) + 2H₂O (g) $\rarr$ CaSO₄ - 2H₂O (s) This reaction is exothermic.

Calculate the entropy change for the fusion of 1 mole of hydrogen sulphide, mp = -85.6°C and ∆H_fus = 2.39 kJ/mole.

Given the following chemical reaction at 298^oK:3 O_2(g) $\rightarrow$ 2 O_3(g) ?G? = 344 kJ/mole, what would be ?G if the partial pressure of O₂ = 0.20 bar and O₃ = 0.0001 bar?

One process for hydrogen production is called "steam reforming", in which hydrocarbons react with water to give hydrogen and CO. The equation of reaction for reforming methane is written below. CH_{4 (g)} + H₂O _(g) $\rightarrow$ CO _(g) + 3 H_{2 (g)} What is the free energy change, $\Delta$ G, for reforming methane at 298^oK when the partial pressure of the products is 5.0 x 10^-5 atm and the partial pressure of the reactants is 1.0 atm?

Calculate the free energy for the oxychlorination of ethylene to vinyl chloride, CH₂CHCl, under standard conditions. $\Delta$ G° = 53.6(CH₂CHCl), -95.3(HCl), 68.49(CH₂CH₂), -228.7(H₂O) kJ/molThe equation of reaction is: CH₂CH_{2 (g)} + HCl _(g) + EQ \F(1,2) O_{2 (g)} $\rightarrow$ CH₂CHCl _(g) + H₂O _(g)