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Which of the following accomplishments is typically the LAST to occur?


A) Recognition of self-image in the mirror
B) Engaging in joint attention with an adult
C) Recognition of self as physically distinct from others
D) The influence of social feedback on the sense of self

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Krusty's mother paints his face like a clown for Halloween and holds him up to look at himself in the mirror. Krusty laughs, and rubs his hands all over his own cheeks making a mess of the paint job! Given his behavior, the YOUNGEST you should expect Jimmy to be is


A) 6 months.
B) 12 months.
C) 18 months.
D) 2 years.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Both Freud and Erikson believed that


A) a person's personality is primarily genetically determined.
B) there are four stages in the development of personality.
C) while personality develops gradually over the first 15 to 20 years of life, people change very little throughout the years of adulthood.
D) people in every culture progress through stages of personality development.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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One impact of living in an individualistic versus a collectivist culture is that


A) people in collectivist cultures tend to talk more about their unique qualities.
B) people in collectivist cultures tend describe their behavior in terms of specific different context (e.g.. home, work) .
C) people in individualistic cultures tend to view their personality as "quite variable" across different settings.
D) people in individualistic cultures tend to view their ability as "below average."

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Sal has decided that his wife and he should sit down and begin talking about how their financial status when they retire in a few years. This indicates that Sal is in the _____ phase of retirement.


A) honeymoon
B) reorientation
C) preretirement
D) disenchantment

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Research on social comparison suggests that


A) gifted children are at risk for low self-concept.
B) placing children with learning disabilities in a regular education room may negatively impact their self-esteem.
C) male athletes tend to have high academic self-esteem.
D) students from larger high schools tend to have the highest self-esteem.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Difficult temperament is characterized by


A) low irritability and negative reactions to change in routine.
B) high irritability and negative reactions to change in routine.
C) low irritability and positive reactions to change in routine.
D) high irritability and positive reactions to change in routine.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Children who are high in self-esteem have parents who


A) have few rules and generally let children decide for themselves what is best.
B) make decisions for their children so they are not burdened with making choices.
C) have a "warm" and democratic parenting style.
D) do not discipline their children.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Who is most likely to experience a decrease in self-esteem in early adolescence?


A) A white female
B) A Latino female
C) A white male
D) A Latino male

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Many researchers have suggested that the best strategy for coping with aging involves selective _____ with compensation.

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