Question 1

The tendency to actively approach a new situation in a positive way is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   surgency.
B)   negative affectivity.
C)   behavioral inhibition.
D)   neuroticism.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

When contemplating their self-esteem, older individuals tend to compare themselves to

Accepted Answer

A)   young, healthy individuals.
B)   young, but unhealthy individuals.
C)   older, healthy individuals.
D)   older and unhealthy individuals.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Dispositional traits are also referred to as "life stories."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which concept is best associated with an individual's unique "life story"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dispositional trait
B)   Characteristic adaptation
C)   Narrative identity
D)   TemperamentE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

According to Atchley's model, a month or so after retirement, most workers are in the _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)   honeymoon
B)   reorientation
C)   preretirement
D)   disenchantmentE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Using a life-story approach, McLean and Pratt (2006)  found that the more the sophisticated the "meaning making" in an adolescent's life narrative, the

Accepted Answer

A)   more likely he or she would be depressed.
B)   less likely he or she would be in a state of foreclosure.
C)   more likely he or she would become pregnant.
D)   less likely he or she would have close friends.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The main development trend concerning vocational identity in late adolescence is that

Accepted Answer

A)   for the first time in life, individuals actively explore vocational possibilities.
B)   one's sex comes first into consideration when thinking about career options.
C)   choices become more realistic.
D)   the match between personality and occupation is seen more and more as irrelevant.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

The ability to focus and shift one's attention is called effortful control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Rose is 16 years old and her sister Blossom is nine. In terms of their self-perceptions, research would suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   Rose's self-description is more likely to be based on physical attributes than Blossom's.
B)   Rose's self-portrait would be less abstract than Blossom's.
C)   Rose would be more self-aware than Blossom.
D)   Rose would have a less differentiated self than Blossom.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Describe Marcia's model of identity achievement by discussing the development of a hypothetical child/adolescent and their search for a religious identity.

Accepted Answer

Marcia's model of identity achievement i...

Question 11

College attendance appears to provide the _____ that Erikson believed was essential to identity formation.

Accepted Answer

A)   imaginary audience
B)   sense of despair
C)   dispositional traits
D)   moratorium periodE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following utterances clearly demonstrates that an infant has developed a categorical sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A)   "My car"
B)   "I big girl"
C)   "Pick me up"
D)   "Daddy's book"E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Erikson's first psychosocial stage involves a crisis of trust versus _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson's first psychosocial stage involves a crisis...

Question 14

The psychometric approach to personality has led researchers to believe that personality

Accepted Answer

A)   is best thought of in terms of a set of dispositional traits.
B)   develops through a series of stages.
C)   cannot be measured.
D)   is not affected by biological factors.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Mia has just become concerned with how she compares to her peers. For example, she wants to know if she can kick a soccer ball farther or read better than her friends. Mia is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Accepted Answer

A)   Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)   Initiative versus guilt
C)   Industry versus inferiority
D)   Identity versus role confusionE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

How are the concepts of behavioral inhibition, easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up, related to temperament?

Accepted Answer

The concepts of behavioral inhibition, e...

Question 17

In comparing the views of Freud and Erikson with regard to personality development, it is most accurate to say that Erikson placed more emphasis on _____ than did Freud.

Accepted Answer

A)   the impact of early life experiences
B)   social influences and the rational ego
C)   the impact of harsh parenting practices
D)   sexual urgesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Around the holidays, Holly feels motivated to change her ways and become a more generous individual. This goal is best characterized as a

Accepted Answer

A)   narrative identity.
B)   self-evaluation.
C)   dispositional trait.
D)   characteristic adaptation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

A positive sense of ethnic identity

Accepted Answer

A)   is seldom found in African-American adolescents.
B)   can protect an adolescent from damaging effects of racial prejudice.
C)   tends to be completed by elementary school (especially in children growing up in homogenous environments with few interactions with other ethnic groups) .
D)   has little to do with parental behavior.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Harrison believes that Erikson's theory of personality development is very accurate. Thus, Harrison would most likely believe that his 17-year-old son, Ford, would currently be experiencing the psychosocial conflict involving

Accepted Answer

A)   trust versus mistrust.
B)   identity and role confusion.
C)   initiative versus guilt.
D)   generativity versus stagnation.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 11: Self and Personality

When contemplating their self-esteem, older individuals tend to compare themselves to

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Which of the following utterances clearly demonstrates that an infant has developed a categorical sense of self?

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College attendance appears to provide the _____ that Erikson believed was essential to identity formation.

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Which concept is best associated with an individual's unique "life story"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A positive sense of ethnic identity

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Mia has just become concerned with how she compares to her peers. For example, she wants to know if she can kick a soccer ball farther or read better than her friends. Mia is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

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Describe Marcia's model of identity achievement by discussing the development of a hypothetical child/adolescent and their search for a religious identity.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMarcia's model of identity achievement i...View AnswerShow Answer

Erikson's first psychosocial stage involves a crisis of trust versus _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Around the holidays, Holly feels motivated to change her ways and become a more generous individual. This goal is best characterized as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dispositional traits are also referred to as "life stories."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are the concepts of behavioral inhibition, easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up, related to temperament?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe concepts of behavioral inhibition, e...View AnswerShow Answer

The tendency to actively approach a new situation in a positive way is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The psychometric approach to personality has led researchers to believe that personality

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparing the views of Freud and Erikson with regard to personality development, it is most accurate to say that Erikson placed more emphasis on _____ than did Freud.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rose is 16 years old and her sister Blossom is nine. In terms of their self-perceptions, research would suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Harrison believes that Erikson's theory of personality development is very accurate. Thus, Harrison would most likely believe that his 17-year-old son, Ford, would currently be experiencing the psychosocial conflict involving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main development trend concerning vocational identity in late adolescence is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using a life-story approach, McLean and Pratt (2006) found that the more the sophisticated the "meaning making" in an adolescent's life narrative, the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to focus and shift one's attention is called effortful control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Atchley's model, a month or so after retirement, most workers are in the _____ phase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Marcia's model of identity achievement i...
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The concepts of behavioral inhibition, e...
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