Question 1

Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researchers deliberately lie about their findings.
B)   There might be significant limitations to the findings.
C)   Biology is the most important factor in behaviour, and knowing all the elements of the biological causes for behaviours is impossible.
D)   There is always only one clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The best summary of the power of the Mozart effect (listening to classical music improves intelligence)  is that listening to Mozart:

Accepted Answer

A)   has an enduring impact on infant intelligence
B)   has a short-term (i.e., days not weeks)  impact on infant intelligence
C)   increases intelligence but not motor skills
D)   has little impact on intelligenceE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The implicit association test (IAT)  is used to measure:

Accepted Answer

A)   people's associations without their awareness
B)   people's behaviour toward different groups of people
C)   the sources of racial attitudes
D)   the experiences that have affected people's racial attitudesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Humanism, championed by Maslow and Rogers, changed therapy by:

Accepted Answer

A)   developing new techniques for questioning and listening to patients
B)   giving rise to greater use of imagery in therapy
C)   examining illogical cognitive processes
D)   using drug therapies to lessen symptomsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The fMRI study by Phelps and Banaji demonstrated that psychological scientists can:

Accepted Answer

A)   change racial attitudes
B)   know the cause of racial prejudice
C)   measure the amount of racism relative to prejudice
D)   see inside the brain with regard to the perceptions of raceE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

According to research conducted by Richard Nisbett, ____________ tend to be ___________ in their thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)   Western cultures; analytic
B)   Eastern cultures; analytic
C)   both Western and Eastern cultures; holistic
D)   both Western and Eastern cultures; analyticE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Contrary to the thinking of the early leaders in psychology (e.g., Freud, Skinner, and Rogers) , clinical psychologists now recognize that treatments for psychological disorders:

Accepted Answer

A)   are equally effective for all people
B)   do not have to consider individual differences
C)   are more effective for females than males
D)   are not universally effective for all disordersE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Ethnomusicology would be an example of what level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   biological
B)   individual
C)   social
D)   culturalE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

A psychologist is studying the psychological factors in a campus incident that involved confrontational behaviours between racial groups. Which of the following would NOT be helpful in understanding these behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)   the processes of visual perception
B)   the emotional context of behaviours
C)   the faculty response after the event
D)   the location and situation in which the confrontation occursE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Psychological scientists now believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)   brain chemical imbalances cause most, if not all, mental disorders
B)   mental illness is largely due to learning the wrong set of coping skills
C)   people's experiences change their brain structures, which in turn influence how people behave
D)   people's experiences change their behaviour, but not their brain structures; brain structures are set at birthE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

An interpersonal level of analysis falls into which of the following categories for understanding behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)   biological
B)   perceptual
C)   psychological
D)   socialE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The school of Gestalt:

Accepted Answer

A)   is based on the idea that the whole is different than the sum of its parts
B)   includes the role of environment on behaviour
C)   examines how social situations influence behaviour
D)   is based on scientifically researched forms of therapyE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Critical thinking is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   thinking that is purposeful, reasoned, and goal directed
B)   thinking that is open minded
C)   thinking that criticizes others' opinions
D)   thinking that uses inferences but does not solve problemsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   the identification of the unconscious
B)   the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behaviour and thinking
C)   the emergence of computers
D)   the ability to identify different kinds of neuronsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

If you were to asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question, the technique used would be:

Accepted Answer

A)   inspection
B)   conscription
C)   abstraction
D)   introspectionE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies William James's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)   sea of ideas
B)   ports of call
C)   river of thoughts
D)   stream of consciousnessE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of questions scientists might ask regarding evolutionary adaptations in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Why do people like sweets and food high in fat?
B)   Why do young children develop a fear of heights, as shown in visual cliff studies?
C)   How has walking upright increased human survival?
D)   Can you learn to adapt your note-taking style from lecture to small group discussion classes?E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Improvements in brain imaging have allowed scientists to:

Accepted Answer

A)   isolate a particular thought
B)   better localize brain functioning
C)   understand the interaction of genes and environment
D)   identify structures of the brain for the first timeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which organization is responsible for publishing the code of ethical behaviour for psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Health Canada
B)   Canadian Psychiatric Association
C)   Canadian Mental Health Association
D)   the Canadian Psychological AssociationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

While smelling a rose, a psychologist analyzes the aroma in terms of its underlying components such as its pleasantness, intensity, and clarity. This psychologist most likely is from which school of thought:

Accepted Answer

A)   Gestalt
B)   behaviourism
C)   structuralism
D)   functionalismE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 1: Introduction

The school of Gestalt:

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The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies William James's concept of:

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The fMRI study by Phelps and Banaji demonstrated that psychological scientists can:

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While smelling a rose, a psychologist analyzes the aroma in terms of its underlying components such as its pleasantness, intensity, and clarity. This psychologist most likely is from which school of thought:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contrary to the thinking of the early leaders in psychology (e.g., Freud, Skinner, and Rogers) , clinical psychologists now recognize that treatments for psychological disorders:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best summary of the power of the Mozart effect (listening to classical music improves intelligence) is that listening to Mozart:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research conducted by Richard Nisbett, ____________ tend to be ___________ in their thinking.

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The implicit association test (IAT) is used to measure:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An interpersonal level of analysis falls into which of the following categories for understanding behaviour?

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A psychologist is studying the psychological factors in a campus incident that involved confrontational behaviours between racial groups. Which of the following would NOT be helpful in understanding these behaviours?

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Critical thinking is best defined as:

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If you were to asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question, the technique used would be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of questions scientists might ask regarding evolutionary adaptations in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Improvements in brain imaging have allowed scientists to:

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Which organization is responsible for publishing the code of ethical behaviour for psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychological scientists now believe that:

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Humanism, championed by Maslow and Rogers, changed therapy by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethnomusicology would be an example of what level of analysis?

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Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to research conducted by Richard Nisbett, __ tend to be _ in their thinking.

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