Question 1

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty, she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed. Her parents would be best advised to

Accepted Answer

A)   simply ignore her complaining.
B)   provide her with a very small drink of water.
C)   close her bedroom door to indicate that they disapprove of her whining.
D)   read her a short story so she forgets about wanting a drink.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank, the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned reinforcement
B)   latent learning
C)   generalization
D)   biological predispositionsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

A reinforcement is any event that

Accepted Answer

A)   satisfies a biological need.
B)   triggers feelings of pleasure.
C)   elicits a conditioned response.
D)   increases the frequency of a preceding response.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

You teach your dog to fetch the paper by giving him a cookie each time he does so. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   conditioned reinforcement.
D)   partial reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food. She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction. So, she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive; negative
B)   negative; positive
C)   continuous; partial
D)   partial; continuousE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive processes.
B)   biological predispositions.
C)   continuous reinforcement.
D)   latent learning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after a specified time has elapsed is a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   variable-ratio
C)   fixed-interval
D)   variable-intervalE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   latent learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests, he will receive good grades. This suggests that associative learning involves

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   cognitive processes.
C)   primary reinforcers.
D)   intermittent reinforcement.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   secondary reinforcement.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)   associative learning.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant behavior.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   latent learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   associative learning.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   overimitation.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcement.
B)   delayed reinforcement.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   shaping.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A learned association between two stimuli is central to

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   classical conditioning.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Tennis instruction that reinforces soft, short lobs over the net before attempting to reinforce hard, long, cross-court hits best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   modeling.
C)   discrimination.
D)   delayed reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

John B. Watson considered himself to be a

Accepted Answer

A)   physiological psychologist.
B)   cognitive psychologist.
C)   behaviorist.
D)   psychoanalyst.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Through language we often learn things that we ourselves have neither personally experienced nor directly observed. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motivation.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   cognitive learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   conditioned reinforcement.
C)   latent learning.
D)   generalization.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Because Yuri was curious about human behavior, he enrolled in an introductory psychology course. George registered because he heard it was an easy course that would boost his grade-point average. In this instance, Yuri's behavior was a reflection of ________, whereas George's behavior was a reflection of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning; classical conditioning
B)   intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
C)   an unconditioned response; a conditioned response
D)   a fixed-interval schedule; a variable-interval scheduleE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Learning

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank, the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through language we often learn things that we ourselves have neither personally experienced nor directly observed. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests, he will receive good grades. This suggests that associative learning involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reinforcement is any event that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tennis instruction that reinforces soft, short lobs over the net before attempting to reinforce hard, long, cross-court hits best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty, she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed. Her parents would be best advised to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson considered himself to be a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food. She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction. So, she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by ________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after a specified time has elapsed is a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You teach your dog to fetch the paper by giving him a cookie each time he does so. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A learned association between two stimuli is central to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food. She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction. So, she should use reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by reinforcement.

Correct Answer
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